Churn-closure



(No Model.)

S. D. PALMER.

' GHURN GLUSURE.

No. 418,356. Patented Deo. 31, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.l

SAMUEL D. PALMER, OF ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS.

CHURN-CLOSURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 418,356, dated December 31, 1889.

Serial No. 320,876. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ whom t may concern: D

Be it known that I, SAMUEL D. PALMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rockford, in the county of Winnebago and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Churns, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to construct a churn in which a removable head is held in position by bails pressing on the removable head, said bails being pivoted to ears` secured to the churn-body.

The further object is to construct ears which are secured to the churn-body by fastening in any suitable manner,1tl1e upperends of the ears standing at an angle 'tothe ma-in portion, so that bails may bepivoted therein and capable of a swinging movement.

Figure lis a plan view'ofrachurn embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the removable head. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the churn shown in Fig. 1 on an en- Fig. 4 is a vertical central section showing the removable head resting on the end of the staves. Fig. 5 is an isometrical representation of the cam employed in securing the removable head in position.

In the drawings, the churn-body consists of the staves l, secured together by hoops in the usual manner.

The upper or open end of the churn has a hoop 2, of suitable material, holding that portion of the churn in a true circular position. The ends of the staves are beveled, so as to be at right angles to the lengthwise axis of the churn. A removable head, the main portion 3 of which is of wood, has a metallic ring 4 surrounding its periphery and a portion of its top, and is held to the wooden portion in this instance by screws. A brace-arm 5 spans the head and holds it from warping. From the center of this brace rises a bearing for the cam employed to hold the removable head in position. This bearing has alower or base portion 6 and a smaller or upper portion 7. The cam S in this instance rests on the shoulder formed by the two portions above referred to, so as to permit it to oscillate or rotate thereon. This cam is provided with two camfacestl, so arranged that in the oscillating or rotating movement thereof the bails will be depressed more or less as occasion may require. This cam :is held in position by a bolt l0, passing from the under side of the remov- `able head up through said head and bearing and receiving a thumb-nut l1 on its upper end, as shown at Fig. 3. This cam has oper ating-handles projecting beyond the periphery of the cam, which form means for oscillating the cam. An annular groove 12 is formed in the under side of the removable head at the ext-renie outer edge of its peripher and in said groove is placed a packing 12%, of cork or other suitable material, which extends below the under face of the removable head,to rest upon the ends of the staves forming the body of the churn, thus making a close connection between the parts and being held in such position by bails, to be hereinafter described.

I have constructed an ear of peculiar shape, which consists of a lower portion 13,thatcon forms to the outside surface of the churn, and an upper portion 14, twisted or turned at an angle to the base portion. This earis secured to the churn-body by a bolt 15 or other fastening passing radially through the churn and ear, and in this instance securing ascreW-nut i 16 on its outwardprojecting end, which can be turned up so as to bind the eariirmly to the churn. The' upper portion is perforated, as at 17. Two pairs of these ears are secured to the churn-body, as above described, and set at four points, so that the holes of a pair of ears will be in line with each other, thus forming the bearings, in which a pair of bails 18 are pivoted, so that said bails Will rest upon the periphery of the removable head intermediate of their pivotal connections with the ears and their free portions 19. The free portions of the bails in this instance engage the cam-fastening, by means of which they are depressed, thus forcing down the removable head and holding it to the churn-body in such a manner as to prevent the contentsof the churn leaking out.

By the above construction I produce a churn with an opening the full size of the churn and with a smooth interior face, thereby preventing all liability of milk and cream' becoming rancid by clinging in the Croze of churns employing ring-heads, and by securing the ears TOO on the outside of the churn all strain is bornel thereby, and the removable head is secured in position by simply swinging the bails inward, thus engaging the fastening on the head, and should the cam herein shown be used a partial turn upon its axis is sufficient to hold the head securely to its seat.

By the above construction it will be seen that the bails extend across the churn on a chord ofits circu1nference,and consequently each bail presses on the removable head at two points,thereby holding it in position on the churn and equalizing the pressure applied by each bail.

In this application I have shown and describedl the removable head formed with a packing which rests -upon the end of the staves., Such feature, in connection with bails or other fastening', is the invention of H. H. Palmer and myself. I therefore do not. seek to cover said feature.

I claim. as my inventionl. The combination of a churn-body having a smooth interior surface, a removable head, and two pairs of ears 'secured to the churnbody and a pair of bails pivoted to the ears, each bail pressing at two points on the removable head, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a churn-body having a smoothinterior surface, a removable head, two pairsv of ears secured to the churn-body, a pair of bails pivoted to the ears, each bail pressing at two points on the removable head, and a fastening to the bails, substantially as 'set forth.

3. The combination of a removable head,a

churn-body, two pairs of ears secured to the churn-body and provided with bail-holes arranged at an oblique angle to the base portion of the ears, and a pair of bails pivoted to the upper portion of the ears and engaging the removable head, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a removable head, a

- churn-body, two pairs of ears secured to the churn-body, the upper portion of the ears formed at an angle to the base portion, and a pair of bails pivoted to said upper portion and engaging the removable head, thereby hold-.

` 6'. The combination of a removable head, a

fastening on the removable head, a churnbody, two pairs of ears, each earbeing secured lto the churn-body by a fastening passing radially througlrthe churn-body and ear, the @upper portion of the ears formed at an angle to the base portion, and a pair of bails pivoted to said upper portion and engaging the fastening, thereby holding .the removable head in position, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of a churn-body,a pair lof bails pivoted thereto, a removable head, `and a cam secured to the removable head to fengage the free portion of the bails, substanltially as set forth. 8. The combination of a churn-body, two 4pairs of ears secured thereto, a pairof bails pivoted to the ears, a removable head, a cam located on the removable head to engage the free portion of the bails, and means for operating the cam, substantially as set forth.

i 9. The combination of a churn-body, a pair of bails pivoted thereto, a removable head, a cam located on the removable headto engage the free portion of the bails, said cam being provided with a lever projection or projections to form means for operating the cam, substantially as set forth.

' SAMUEL D. PALMER. Vitnesses: p

A. O. BEHEL, E. BEHEL. 

